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Baseball got its first “czar” as Judge Kennesaw Mountain Landis was elected commissioner of the American and National Leagues.

Adolf Hitler was arrested for an attempt to seize power during the “Beer Hall Putsch” coup.

Josef Stalin became the undisputed ruler of the Soviet Union as Leon Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party.

The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opened as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressed a telegraph key in Washington, D.C., giving the green light to traffic.

The World War II battle of Guadalcanal began.

Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo was sentenced to death by the war crimes tribunal.

Ellis Island, the immigration station in New York Harbor, closed after processing more than 20 million immigrants since its opening in 1892.

South Africa was suspended from United Nations General Assembly over racial policies.